Bundler

A Bundler with the web in mind.

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Table of Contents

What is Bundler?

Bundler is a web bundler for deno. It allows to write code for the web like we are used to with deno.

Why use Bundler?

  • handles relative and absolute imports as well as url imports
  • handles dynamic import() and fetch() statements
  • handles css @import statements and supports postcss-preset-env stage 2 and nesting-rules by default
  • smart splits dependencies
  • handles html <link>, <script>, <img> and <style> tags, <div style=""> attributes as well as webmanifest files
  • handles WebWorker and ServiceWorker imports
  • handles ts, tsx, js, jsx html, css, json, png, jpg, jpeg, ico, svg, and other file types
  • built in code optimazation and minification with --optimize option
  • built in file watcher with --watch option

But there is deno bundle and Deno.emit, right?

deno bundle CLI command and Deno.emit can transpile and bundle a file to a standalone module. This might work for some occations but is limited to script files. Bundler works similar to Deno.emit but with the web in mind.

Getting Started

Installation

deno install --unstable --allow-read --allow-write --allow-net --allow-env --name bundler https://deno.land/x/bundler/cli.ts

Info: You might need to specify --root /usr/local.

Usage

bundler bundle index.ts=index.js

CLI

Options

Option Description Default
-c, –config <FILE> Load tsconfig.json configuration file {}
–out-dir <DIR> Name of out_dir “dist”
-h, –help Prints help information
–import-map <FILE> UNSTABLE: Load import map file {}
–optimize Optimize source code false
-L, –log-level Set log level [possible values: debug, info] debug
-q, –quiet Suppress diagnostic output false
-r, –reload Reload source code false
–watch Watch files and re-bundle on change false

Supported File Types

Typescript and Javascript

Test

The file path must end with .ts, .tsx, .js, .jsx.

Transformation

Typescript code will be transpiled into javascript code.

Bundle

Bundler will bundle javascript sources together while smart splitting dependencies and injecting file paths.

Optimization

Bundler will optimize and minify code with the --optimize option using terser.

Support

Bundler extracts dependencies from the following statements:

Name Example Support
Imports
default import 
import x from "./x.ts";
 ✅
import statement 
import("./x.ts");
 ✅
named import 
import { x } from "./x.ts";
 ✅
namespace import 
import * as x from "./x.ts";
 ✅
Exports
default export 
export default "./x.ts";
 ✅
variable export 
export const x = "x";
 ✅
function export 
export function x() {}
 ✅
class export 
export class X {}
 ✅
named export 
export { x } from "./x.ts";
 ✅
namespace export 
export * as x from "./x.ts";
 ✅
unnamed export 
export * from "./x.ts";
 ✅
Others
fetch statement 
fetch("./x.ts");
 ✅
WebWorker 
new Worker("./x.ts");
 ✅
ServiceWorker 
navigator.serviceWorker.register("./x.ts");
 ✅

Json

Test

The file path must end with .json.

Transformation

A json file will be transformed into an esm module if it is imported diretcly into typescript or javascript.

/* src/data.json */
{
  "foo": "bar"
}
/* src/x.ts */
import data from "./data.json";
console.log(data); // { "foo": "bar" }

Optimization

Bundler will minify code with the --optimize option using JSON.stringify without spaces.

Webmanifest

Webmanifest files are specially treated json files and src properties in icons are extracted as dependencies.

<!-- src/index.html -->
<html>
  <head>
    <link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json">
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>
// src/manifest.json
{
  "icons": [
    {
      "src": "images/icon-192x192.png",
      "sizes": "192x192",
      "type": "image/png"
    },
    {
      "src": "images/icon-128x128.png",
      "sizes": "128x128",
      "type": "image/png"
    }
  ]
}

Test

The file path can have any extension but must be imported with rel="webmanifest".

Html

Optimization

Bundler does not yet minify code with the --optimize option.

Support

Bundler extracts dependencies from the following statements:

Name Example Support
script tag 
<script src="x.ts">
 ✅
inline script 
<script> const x: string = "x" </script>
 ✅
link tag 
<link rel="manifest" href="x.json">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="x.css">
<link rel="icon" href="x.png">
 ✅
img tag 
<img src="image.png">
 ✅
style tag 
<style> div { background: url('image.png'); } </style>
 ✅
style attribute 
<div style="background: url(‘image.png');"></div>
 ✅

Css

Test

The file must have .css extension.

Transformation

A css file will be transformed into a esm module with a default string export if it is imported into typescript or javascript.

/* src/style.json */
div {
  color: red;
}
/* src/x.ts */
import data from "./style.css";
console.log(data); // div { color: red }

Optimization

Bundler will optimize and minify code with the --optimize option using csso.

Postcss

postcss-preset-env with stage 2 features and nesting-rules is enabled by default so you can use the latest css features out of the box.

A word on preprocessors

The functionality of css has grown in recent years and is native to browsers. Therefore bundler focuses on making css usage really easy instead of supporting preprocessors like sass, scss, less or stylus. Most features a preprocessor does should be covered with todays css and postcss.

Support

Name Example Support
@import 
@import "x.css";
 ✅
@import url 
@import url("x.css");
 ✅
url 
div { background: url('image.png'); }
 ✅

Images

Test

The file must have .ico, .png, .jpg, .jpeg or .svg extension.

Optimization

Bundler minifies .svg files with the --optimize option using svgo.

Other

Other files can be fetched via the fetch API. They will not be optimized or transformed.

Smart Splitting

Bundler automatically analyzes the dependency graph and splits dependencies into separate files, if the code is used in different entry points. This prevents code duplication and allows bundle files to share code. You can check out this example to see smart splitting in action.

Examples

Hello world

Components

Others

Unstable

This module requires deno to run with the --unstable flag. It is likely to change in the future.