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How to Deploy to Google Cloud Run

Google Cloud Run is a managed compute platform that lets you run containers on Google’s scalable infrastructure.

This How To guide will show you how to use Docker to deploy your Deno app to Google Cloud Run.

First, we’ll show you how to deploy manually, then we’ll show you how to automate it with GitHub Actions.

Pre-requisites:

Manual Deployment

Create Dockerfile and docker-compose.yml

To focus on the deployment, our app will simply be a main.ts file that returns a string as an HTTP response:

import { Application } from "https://deno.land/x/oak/mod.ts";

const app = new Application();

app.use((ctx) => {
  ctx.response.body = "Hello from Deno and Google Cloud Run!";
});

await app.listen({ port: 8000 });

Then, we’ll create two files – Dockerfile and docker-compose.yml – to build the Docker image.

In our Dockerfile, let’s add:

FROM denoland/deno

EXPOSE 8000

WORKDIR /app

ADD . /app

RUN deno cache main.ts

CMD ["run", "--allow-net", "main.ts"]

Then, in our docker-compose.yml:

version: '3'

services:
  web:
    build: .
    container_name: deno-container
    image: deno-image
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"

Let’s test this locally by running docker compose -f docker-compose.yml build, then docker compose up, and going to localhost:8000.

Hello from localhost

It works!

Set up Artifact Registry

Artifact Registry is GCP’s private registry of Docker images.

Before we can use it, go to GCP’s Artifact Registry and click “Create repository”. You’ll be asked for a name (deno-repository) and a region (us-central1). Then click “Create”.

New repository in Google Artifact Repository

Build, Tag, and Push to Artifact Registry

Once we’ve created a repository, we can start pushing images to it.

First, let’s add the registry’s address to gcloud:

gcloud auth configure-docker us-central1-docker.pkg.dev

Then, let’s build your Docker image. (Note that the image name is defined in our docker-compose.yml file.)

docker compose -f docker-compose.yml build

Then, tag it with the new Google Artifact Registry address, repository, and name. The image name should follow this structure: {{ location }}-docker.pkg.dev/{{ google_cloudrun_project_name }}/{{ repository }}/{{ image }}.

docker tag deno-image us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/deno-app-368305/deno-repository/deno-cloudrun-image

If you don’t specify a tag, it’ll use :latest by default.

Next, push the image:

docker push us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/deno-app-368305/deno-repository/deno-cloudrun-image

More info on how to push and pull images to Google Artifact Registry.

Your image should now appear in your Google Artifact Registry!

Image in Google Artifact Registry

Create a Google Cloud Run Service

We need an instance where we can build these images, so let’s go to Google Cloud Run and click “Create Service”.

Let’s name it “hello-from-deno”.

Select “Deploy one revision from an existing container image”. Use the drop down to select the image from the deno-repository Artifact Registry.

Select “allow unauthenticated requests” and then click “Create service”. Make sure the port is 8000.

When it’s done, your app should now be live:

Hello from Google Cloud Run

Awesome!

Deploy with gcloud

Now that it’s created, we’ll be able to deploy to this service from the gcloud CLI. The command follows this structure: gcloud run deploy {{ service_name }} --image={{ image }} --region={{ region }} --allow-unauthenticated. Note that the image name follows the structure from above.

For this example, the command is:

gcloud run deploy hello-from-deno --image=us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/deno-app-368305/deno-repository/deno-cloudrun-image --region=us-central1 --allow-unauthenticated

Hello from Google Cloud Run

Success!

Automate Deployment with GitHub Actions

In order for automation to work, we first need to make sure that these both have been created:

  • the Google Artifact Registry
  • the Google Cloud Run service instance

(If you haven’t done that, please see the section before.)

Now that we have done that, we can automate it with a GitHub workflow. Here’s the yaml file:

name: Build and Deploy to Cloud Run

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main

env:
  PROJECT_ID: {{ PROJECT_ID }}
  GAR_LOCATION: {{ GAR_LOCATION }}
  REPOSITORY: {{ GAR_REPOSITORY }}
  SERVICE: {{ SERVICE }}
  REGION: {{ REGION }}

jobs:
  deploy:
    name: Deploy
    permissions:
      contents: 'read'
      id-token: 'write'

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - name: CHeckout
      uses: actions/checkout@v3

    - name: Google Auth
      id: auth
      uses: 'google-github-actions/auth@v0'
      with:
        credentials_json: '${{ secrets.GCP_CREDENTIALS }}'

    - name: Login to GAR
      uses: docker/login-action@v2.1.0
      with:
        registry: ${{ env.GAR_LOCATION }}-docker.pkg.dev
        username: _json_key
        password: ${{ secrets.GCP_CREDENTIALS }}

    - name: Build and Push Container
      run: |-
        docker build -t "${{ env.GAR_LOCATION }}-docker.pkg.dev/${{ env.PROJECT_ID }}/${{ env.REPOSITORY }}/${{ env.SERVICE }}:${{ github.sha }}" ./
        docker push "${{ env.GAR_LOCATION }}-docker.pkg.dev/${{ env.PROJECT_ID }}/${{ env.REPOSITORY }}/${{ env.SERVICE }}:${{ github.sha }}"

    - name: Deploy to Cloud Run
      id: deploy
      uses: google-github-actions/deploy-cloudrun@v0
      with:
        service: ${{ env.SERVICE }}
        region: ${{ env.REGION }}
        image: <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>G</mi><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>L</mi></msub><mi>O</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>T</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>k</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{{ env.GAR_LOCATION }}-docker.pkg.dev/</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">v</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathnormal">G</span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3283em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0077em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">L</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">OC</span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">ON</span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">oc</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">er</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">v</span><span class="mord">/</span></span></span></span>{{ env.PROJECT_ID }}/${{ env.REPOSITORY }}/${{ env.SERVICE }}:${{ github.sha }}

    - name: Show Output
      run: echo ${{ steps.deploy.outputs.url }}

The environment variables that we need to set are (the examples in parenthesis are the ones for this repository)

  • PROJECT_ID: your project id (deno-app-368305)
  • GAR_LOCATION: the location your Google Artifact Registry is set (us-central1)
  • GAR_REPOSITORY: the name you gave your Google Artifact Registry (deno-repository)
  • SERVICE: the name of the Google Cloud Run service (hello-from-deno)
  • REGION: the region of your Google Cloud Run service (us-central1)

The secret variables that we need to set are:

Check out more details and examples of deploying to Cloud Run from GitHub Actions.

For reference: https://github.com/google-github-actions/example-workflows/blob/main/workflows/deploy-cloudrun/cloudrun-docker.yml

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